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The Whale Museum
Peer-Reviewed Publications & Technical Documents
 (2004 – 2021)
2021
D'Agnese, E.R., D.M. Lambourn, J.K. Olson, J.L. Huggins, S. Raverty, M.M. Garner, J. Calambokidis, A.A. Scott, S.J. Jeffries, J.K. Gaydos. 2021. Congenital diseases in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) from the Salish Sea. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 57(3). doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-20-00179

​Norman, S.A, D.M Lambourn, J.L. Huggins, J.K Gaydos, S. Dupernell, S. Berta, J.K. Olson, V. Souze, A. Evans, B. Carlson, M. Johnson, R. Mayer, C. King, A. Scott. 2021. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in two marine mammal species, harbor seals and porpoises, living in an urban marine ecosystem, the Salish Sea, Washington State, USA. Oceans, 2:86-104. doi.org/10.3390/oceans2010006

Olson, J.K, D. Lambourn, J. Huggins, S. Raverty, A.A. Scott, J. K. Gaydos. 2021. Trends in propeller strike induced mortality in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) of the Salish Sea. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 57(3). doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-20-00221

Teman, S.J., J.K. Gaydos, S.A. Norman, J.L. Huggins, D.M. Lambourn, J. Calambokidis, J.K.B. Ford, M.B. Hanson, M. Haulena, E. Zabek, P. Cottrell, L. Hoang, M. Morshed, M.M. Garner, S. Raverty. 2021. Epizootiology of a Cryptococcus gattii outbreak in porpoises and dolphins from the Salish Sea. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 146: 129–143. doi.org/10.3354/dao03630

Vingino, A., M.C. Roberts, M. Wainstein, J. West, S.A. Norman, D.M. Lambourn, J. Lahti, R. Ruiz, M. D’Angeli, S.J. Weissman, P. Rabinowitz. 2021. Surveillance for Antibiotic-Resistant E. coli in the Salish Sea Ecosystem. Antibiotics,
10:1201. doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101201

​2020
Ashley, E. A., J. K. Olson, T. E. Adler, S. Raverty, E. M. Anderson, S. Jeffries, and J. K. Gaydos. 2020. Causes of mortality in a harbor seal population at equilibrium. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7:319. doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00319

Ashley, E. A., J. K. Olson, S. Raverty, K. Wilkinson and J. K. Gaydos. 2020. Trace element concentrations in Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) from San Juan County, Washington. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 56(2)429-436. doi.org/10.7589/2019-04-087

Huggins, J. L., M. M. Garner, S. A. Raverty, D. M. Lambourn, S. A. Norman, L. D. Rhodes, J. K. Gaydos, J. K. Olson, M. Haulena, and M B. Hanson. 2020. The emergence of mucormycosis in free-ranging marine mammals of the Pacific Northwest. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7:555. doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00555

Olson, J., J. Aschoff, A. Goble, and J. K. Gaydos. 2020. Maximizing surveillance through spatial characterization of marine mammal stranding hot spots. Marine Mammal Science. doi.org/10.1111/mms.12696
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Raverty, S., J. St. Leger, D. P. Noren, K. Huntington Burek, D. S. Rotstein, F. M. D. Gulland, J. K. B. Ford, M. B. Hanson, D. M. Lambourn, J. Huggins, M. A. Delaney, L. Spavin, T. Rowles, L. Barre, P. Cottrell, G. Ellis, T. Goldstein, K. Terio, D. Duffield, J. Rice, and J. K. Gaydos. 2020. Pathology findings and correlation with body condition index in stranded killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the northeastern Pacific and Hawaii from 2004 to 2013. PLOS ONE. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242505

Sangster, S., M. Haulena, C. Nordstrom, and J. K. Gaydos. 2020. Interannual differences in postrelease movements of rehabilitated harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina richardii) in the Salish Sea. Marine Mammal Science, 1-16. doi:10.1111/mms.12739


​2018
Norman, S. A., M. B. Hanson, C. Emmons, J. Huggins, J. Calambokidis, D. Lambourn, S. J. Jeffries, P. Cottrell, A. Greene, S. Raverty, S. Berta, S. Dupbernell, M. Klope, J. K. Olson, M. Carrasco, V. Souze, A. Elsby, C. McLean, B. Carlson, and J. K. Gaydos. 2018. Conception, fetal growth, and calving seasonality of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the Salish Sea waters of Washington State, USA and southern British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology. doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0155.

Olson, J. K., J. Wood, R. W. Osborne, L. Barrett-Lennard, S. Larson. 2018. Sightings of southern resident killer whales in the Salish Sea 1976-2014: The importance of a long-term opportunistic dataset. Endangered Species Research, 37: 105-118. //doi.org/10.3354/esr00918
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Warlick, A. J., D. A. Duffield, D. M. Lambourn, S. J. Jeffries, J. M. Rice, J. K. Gaydos, J. L. Huggins, J. Calambokidis, L. Lahner, J. Olson, E. D’Agnese, V. Souze, A. Elsby, and S. A. Norman. 2018. Spatio-Temporal Characterization of Pinniped Strandings and Human Interaction Cases in the Pacific Northwest, 1989 – 2016. Aquatic Mammals, 44(3): 299-318. doi.org/10.1578/AM.44.3.2018.299   

2016
Clarke, L. Z., I. A. Plourde, J. K. Gaydos and J. K. Olson. 2016. Attempted predation of a Harbor Seal Pup (Phoca vitulina) by an American Mink (Neovison vison) in the Salish Sea. Northwest Naturalist, 97:260-262.
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Olson, J. K., J. K. Gaydos, T. Mcklveen, R. Poppenga, K. Wicinas, E. Anderson and S. Raverty. 2016. Conjoined fetal twins in a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 52: 173-176. doi.org/10.7589/2015-02-045

2015
Huggins, J. L., S. A. Raverty, S. A. Norman, J. Calambokidis, J. K. Gaydos, D. H. Duffield, D. M. Lambourn, J. M. Rice, B. Hanson, K. Wilkinson, S. J. Jeffries, B. Norberg and L. Barre. 2015. Increased harbor porpoise mortality in the Pacific Northwest, USA: understanding when higher levels may be normal. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 115: 93-102. doi.org/10.3354/dao02887

2014
Noren, S. R, D. P. Noren and J. K. Gaydos. 2014. Living in the Fast Lane: Rapid development of the locomotor muscle in immature harbor porpoises (Phocoeana phocoena). Journal of Comparative Physiology. doi.org/10.1007/s00360-014-0854-8

2013
Barbieri, M. M., S. A. Raverty, M. B. Hanson, and S. Venn-Watson, J. K. B. Ford and J. K. Gaydos. 2013. Spatial and temporal analysis of killer whale strandings in the North Pacific Ocean and the benefits of a coordinated stranding response protocol. Marine Mammal Science, 29(4): 448-462. doi.org/10.1111/mms.12044

Lambourn, D., M. Garner, D. Ewalt, J. Rhyan, S. Raverty, S. Jeffries, and J. K. Gaydos. 2013. Brucella pinnipedialis infections in Pacific Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) from Washington State. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 49:802-815. doi.org/10.7589/212-05-137

2012
Akmajian, A. M., D. M. Lambourn, M. M. Lance, S. Raverty, and J. K. Gaydos. 2012. Mortality related to Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) in Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Washington State. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 48:1057-1062. doi.org/10.7589/2011-12-348
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Gaydos, J. K., L. I. Vilchis, M. M. Lance, S. J. Jeffries, A. Thomas, V. Greenwood, P. Harner, and M. Ziccardi. 2012. Post-release movement of rehabilitated harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) pups compared with cohort-matched wild seal pups. Marine Mammal Science, 1-13. doi.org/10.1111/mms.12002

2011
Gaydos, J. K. & Pearson, S. F. 2011. Birds and mammals that depend on the Salish Sea: A compilation. Northwestern Naturalist, 92: 79–94. doi.org/10.1898/10-04.1

Gibson, A. K., Raverty, S., Lambourn, D. M., Huggins, J., Magargal, S. L. & Grigg, M. E. 2011. Polyparasitism is associated with increased disease severity in Toxoplasma gondiiinfected marine sentinel species. Public Library of Science – Neglected Tropical Diseases, 5(5): 1-13.
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Norman, S. A., J. Huggins, T. E. Carpenter, J. T. Case, D. M. Lambourn, J. Rice, J. Calambokidis, J. K. Gaydos, M. B. Hanson, D. A. Duffield, S. Dubpernell, S. Berta, and M. Klope. 2011. The application of GIS and spatiotemporal analyses to investigations of unusual marine mammal strandings and mortality events. Marine Mammal Science. doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00507.x

2010
Himworth, C. G., Haulena, M., Lambourn, D. M., Gaydos, J. K., Huggins, J., Calambokidis, J., Ford, J. K. B., Zaremba, K. & Raverty, S. 2010. Pathology and Epidemiology of Phocid Herpesvirus-1 in Wild and Rehabilitating Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) in the Northeastern Pacific. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 46(3): 1046–1051.

Wieland, M., Jones, A. & Renn, S. C. P. 2010. Changing durations of southern resident killer whale (Orcinus orca) discrete calls between two periods spanning 28 years. Marine Mammal Science, 26(1): 195–201.
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Wood, J. D. 2010. Marine mammal species conservation: a review of developments in the uses of acoustics. Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy, 13: 311–325.

2009
Gaydos, J. K., Zabek, E. & Raverty, S. 2009. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicemia in a beaver from Washington State. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 45(4): 1182–1186.

Lusseau, D., Bain, D. E., Williams, R. & Smith, J. C. 2009. Vessel traffic disrupts the foraging behavior of southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca). Endangered Species Research, 6: 211–221.
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Williams, R., Bain, D. E., Smith, J. C. & Lusseau, D. 2009. Effects of vessels on behaviour patterns of individual southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca). Endangered Species Research, 6: 199–209.

2008
Foote, A. D. & Nystuen, J. A. 2008. Variation in call pitch among killer whale ecotypes. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123(3): 1747–1752.

Foote, A. D., Osborne, R. W. & Hoelzel, A. R. 2008. Temporal and contextual patterns of killer whale (Orcinus orca) call type production. Ethology, 114: 599–606.
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Gaydos, J. K., W. A. Miller, C. Johnson, H. Zornetzer, A. Melli, A. Packham, S. J. Jeffries, M. M. Lance, and P. A. Conrad. 2008. Novel and Canine Genotypes Of Giardia Duodenalis In Harbor Seals (Phoca Vitulina Richardsi). Journal of Parasitology, 94(6):1264-1268. doi.org/10.1645/GE-1321.1

2007
Hauser, D. D. W., Logsdon, M. G., Holmes, E. E., VanBlaricom, G. R. & Osborne, R. W. 2007. Summer distribution patterns of southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca): core areas and spatial segregation of social groups. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 351: 301–310.

2006
Foote, A. D., Griffin, R. M., Howitt, D., Larsson, L., Miller, P. J. O. & Hoelzel, A. R. 2006. Killer whales are capable of vocal learning. Biology Letters, 2: 509–512.

Hauser, D. D. W., VanBlaricom, G. R., Holmes, E. E. & Osborne, R. W. 2006. Evaluating the use of whale watch data in determining killer whale (Orcinus orca) distribution patterns. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 8(3): 273–281.
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Lockwood, S. K., Chovan, J. L. & Gaydos, J. K. 2006. Aerobic bacterial isolations from harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) stranded in Washington: 1992 – 2003. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 37(3): 281–291.

2005
Gaydos, J. K., Raverty, S., Baird, R. W. & Osborne, R. W. 2005. Suspected surplus killing of harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina) by killer whales (Orcinus orca). Northwestern Naturalist, 86: 150–154.

2004
Foote, A. D., Osborne, R. W. & Hoelzel, A. R. 2004. Whale-call response to masking boat noise.
Nature, 428: 910.

Gaydos, J. K., Balcomb III, K. C., Osborne, R. W. & Dierauf, L. 2004. Evaluating potential infectious disease threats for southern resident killer whales, Orcinus orca: a model for endangered species. Biological Conservation, 117: 253–262.

Norman, S. A., Bowlby C. E., Brancato, M. S., Calambokidis, J., Duffield, D., Gearin, P. J., Gornall, T. A., Gosho, M. E., Hanson, B., Hodder, J., Jeffries, S. J., Lagerquist, B., Lambourn, D. M., Mate, B., Norberg, B., Osborne, R. W., Rash, J.A., Riemer, S. & J. Scordino, J. 2004. Cetacean strandings in Oregon and Washington between 1930 and 2002. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 6(1): 87–99.
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Whitehead, H., Rendell, L., Osborne, R. W. & Würsig, B. 2004. Culture and conservation of non-humans with reference to whales and dolphins: Review and new directions. Biological Conservation, 120: 431–441.

Technical Documents & Non-Peer Reviewed Publications
Gaydos, J. K., M. Haulena, S. Raverty, B. Lutmerding, K. Wilkinson, L. Barre, B. Hanson, L. Rhodes, T. Rowles, K. Foster, Jeff Foster, P. Cottrell, D. Giles, T. Shedd, J. Durban, H. Fearnbach, and H. H. Nollens. 2019. Cross-border Multi-agency Veterinary Response for a Free-ranging Chronically Ill Juvenile Southern Resident Killer Whale (Orcinus orca). In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Durban, South Africa, May 2019.

Duffield, D., J. K. Gaydos, S. Raverty, K. Wilkinson, B. Norberg, L. Barre, M. B. Hanson, P. Foreman, A. Traxler, D. M. Lambourn, J. Huggins, J. Calambokidis, T. McKlveen, S. Dennison, and H. Brubaker. 2016. Wild animal mortality investigation: Southern Resident killer whale L-112 final report. U.S. Dept. Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-133. doi.org/10.7289/V5/TM-NWFSC-133

Raverty, S., B. Hanson, D. Lamborn, J. K. Gaydos, M. Haulena, J. K. B. Ford, J. Calambokidis, and P. Ross. An overview of emerging infectious and noninfectious diseases in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. (IWC Manuscript SC/59/D10). Annual Meeting of the International Whaling Commission. Anchorage, Alaska, May 2007.

Gaydos, J. K., S. A. Norman, D. Lambourn, S. Jeffries, S. Raverty, M. Leslie, S. Lockwood, D. DeGhetto, J. Huckabee, D. Ewalt, J. Whaley, and T. Rowles. 2005. Should harbor seals with antibodies to Brucella be rehabilitated? Proceedings of the 2005 Annual Conference of the International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Seward, AK, May 2005.
Raverty, S., B. Hanson, S. Norman, A. Hall, and J. Gaydos. 2005. Post mortem findings in small cetacean strandings in the Pacific Northwest, 1999-2004. Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre Newsletter 11(1): 12.

Norman, S. A., S. Raverty, B. McLellan, A. Pabst, D. Ketten, M. Fleetwood, J. K. Gaydos, B. Norberg, L. Barre, T. Cox, B. Hanson, and S. Jeffries. 2004. Multidisciplinary investigation of stranded harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in Washington State with an assessment of acoustic trauma as a contributory factor (2 May - 2 June 2003). U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWR-34.
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Sternberg, M., 2004. Quantitative Description of the Spatial Pattern of Marine Mammal Strandings in San Juan County, Washington.  Honors project, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington.
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